Study Finds Hands-Free Cellphone Laws Effective at Preventing Deaths and Injuries

New research finds that hands-free cellphone laws are associated with fewer driver deaths, and laws in 21 states allowing only hands-free cell phone use by drivers have prevented about 140 driver deaths and 13,900 driver injuries annually in the U.S. since 2004. The study appears in the current issue of Accident Analysis and Prevention, a publication of the American Association of Motor Vehicle Administrators.

The study analyzed death and injury records in the period 2004-2013, and concluded that 21 states have passed hands-free cell phone laws (HAZL), and “these laws can account for a large part of the decline in fatality rates and injury rates for passenger cars.”

The researchers caution that they could not determine why cell phone use is associated with fewer car accidents. “But it is likely that having the ability to make or receive calls while driving can be distracting and impair driving,” they write.

The researchers also note that “although the rate of fatalities has declined overall, it has remained relatively stable for those ages 16-19. The increase is observed among drivers 50 and older.”

A recent study published by the Journal of Emergency Medical Services found that giving first aid instructions by cell phone is associated with emergency care providers using ineffective treatments.

Cell phone use and its relationship to car accidents have been extensively researched. The relationship between cell phone use and car accidents is an interesting subject and the findings may be skewed, especially when relying on data from just a few states. Nevertheless, the data is significant and raises questions about what can be done to limit car accident injuries.

The study concluded that “the overall rate of motor vehicle collisions is relatively stable” and that the data “shows no consistent patterns with regard to cell phone use among drivers. However, the data does show that: ” * Driving speed is unrelated to cellphone use. * There is a trend for drivers who are talking to be speaking longer. * Motorists talking on their cell phones are more likely to be talking on their cell phones when involved in an accident. * In an accident, the likelihood of a person talking on their cell phone increases as they are injured. The report provides one theory as to why there is an increase in cell phone use and an even higher rise in injuries. It was theorized that “the long duration of cell phone use is actually contributing to people`s injury, thus causing them to talk more on their cell phones when they are involved in a collision.”

With the rise in injuries from cell phone use comes a rise in lawsuits. A suit may be filed by an injured party who was injured by another party`s negligence. An injured party may be a passenger, a pedestrian or even an operator. Injured parties may sue for pain and suffering or for punitive damages. If a plaintiff sues, the suit should be filed within one year of the accident. If an injured person files a claim, he should submit proof of the injuries he has suffered in the suit. If one decides to sue a motorist, they should have proof of insurance and proof of name and address. If the defendant sues, they may submit a bond or surety. The surety or bond will be issued by the court and will be used for payment of any judgement. If the injured party decides to take the negligent party to court, a judge will issue the summons and a summons must be delivered to the negligent party.

Injuries are not only the result of a motorist using their cell phone. A driver may swerve into a cyclist, and either fail to see the cyclist or hit the cyclist as a result of his or her distraction. The report suggested that if the driver is at fault, they have a duty of care to the cyclist to see to it that he or she is not injured. It also suggested that if the cyclist is at fault, they have a duty of care to others to avoid causing injury to other drivers.

A personal injury firm in Dallas noted, “If an injury happens because of a cyclist being distracted by his or her cell phone, then one may file a claim against the person who was negligent. However, it is suggested that for an injured cyclist to seek a case against a driver, the cyclist needs to have enough evidence to show the driver acted unreasonably and that the driver`s negligence caused the cyclist`s injury. If a person has enough evidence to support a claim, the person should then obtain a lawyer who will have to investigate into what laws have been broken and to make sure they have been fully complied with to have an even stronger case.”

It is important to get the advice of a lawyer who is an expert in personal injury law. After all, this is the area of law which has seen the most increase in litigations and that is one reason why it is advisable to hire a lawyer who is also an expert in this area of law.

To begin a personal injury claim, the lawyer will ask the client whether they are going to make the claim on their own or take the case to the attorney. They will talk about the case, and the idea is for the attorney to discuss the case, and to give the professional opinion on whether or not the case is worth pursuing. If the attorney feels that it is, then he will do his own investigation into the case, and then provide the client with a report. However, if the attorney is convinced that there is no case, then he will say that so, then the client may be advised to just forget about it, and to forget about it, the client will also be advised to seek for an attorney who will tell them their options, and can help them in this matter.

Now that the case is not going to be pursued by the attorney, the client can then ask the lawyer to negotiate with the other side in the case. The lawyer will be able to help you make the choice as to whether you are going to opt for a settlement or go for trial. It is always wise to opt for a settlement since the other side will be aware that you have no means to fight back, and that you are going to give them your best. Therefore, the lawyers in such cases always opt for a settlement since this will be what the other side will try to accept, since it is what they have to lose. Since you have no means to fighting back, and that you are going to give them your best, the attorneys usually opt for a settlement because in this way they can use the time to build the case. It is much better that the time spent in building the case should be kept, than to waste it in a trial.

If the case is going to go to trial, then the client will be advised to make sure that they have a expert lawyer who is going to fight the case for them. If you opt for a settlement, then the attorney will be able to give you some advice on what you should ask the expert lawyer, and why. Such experts are then going to be able to make a statement about your case to the judge and jury during the trial. They are going to be able to convince the judge and jury that you deserve the compensation, and that the other side is actually responsible for the accident.

There are many reasons why one should opt for a settlement instead of going for a trial. If you have lost your case in court, then the lawyer is also going to take out the costs and fees of the claim. And then you will have to pay this even if you lose your case. On the other hand, if you have won the case, then you will not have to pay for the expert lawyer, and even the costs and fees of the claim will be covered by the other side.

– Contributed by 

Rob Levine Personal Injury Lawyers  

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How To Save Money On Toilet RepairHow To Save Money On Toilet Repair

In many instances the time and money spent on toilet repair is money well spent. It is easy to take an old,broken or outdated toilet and replace it with a brand new one. One of the main reasons for this is that it saves time and money in the long run. The old,broken and outdated toilet can really slow down your bathroom routine. Instead of cleaning,you are just cleaning,all the time. So if you need a repair,it may be a good idea to save up for it now instead of waiting until the bill is due.

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What are some of the other reasons that replacing your toilet can help your overall finances? Let’s look at another example,you have been told by the plumber that the problem is a dirty pipe. You decide to take your chances and replace the toilet with the same drain that was previously installed. How much money and time are you willing to put into this repair project? Well,a poorly designed drain trap is going to leak,you get the water back into the house and eventually cause more problems. So in this case replacing the toilet can actually save you more money and time than fixing the problem will. Not only does it save you the trouble of calling in a plumber but it also cuts down on your bill and can save you from losing out on future work that might be required as a result of a plumbing problem.

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So there are many advantages to having a toilet that requires simple maintenance checks and repairs instead of the expense of a plumber. As mentioned before,this is a good reason to take the time to research the various options that are available when it comes to toilets.

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Your Guide to Understanding Modified AdjustedYour Guide to Understanding Modified Adjusted

Let’s dive into the world of modified adjusted gross income. Grasping this seemingly complex idea is essentially your golden key to navigating the tax labyrinth and discovering opportunities for financial relief. Grasping the nuances of MAGI unlocks doors to tax benefits by affecting what credits and deductions you’re entitled to.

You’re about to learn how tweaking certain aspects of your financial portfolio could influence your MAGI in ways that benefit you come tax season. From retirement account contributions affecting your taxable income to strategies that can lower your MAGI, this guide covers it all.

So buckle up! We’re on a journey through the ins and outs of MAGI —unpacking its components, calculation methods, and impacts on key benefits—all designed to give you an edge in optimizing your finances.

Understanding MAGI

What Is MAGI?

Gross income, adjusted gross income (AGI), and modified adjusted gross income (MAGI) might sound like a trio of bureaucratic acronyms designed to make tax planning as enjoyable as a root canal. But understanding these terms, especially MAGI, can be your golden ticket to maximizing tax benefits. So, what exactly is MAGI? It’s essentially your AGI with some deductions and exempt income added back in. The number in question holds a pivotal position within the American taxation framework, influencing who gets to enjoy numerous fiscal advantages. tax system by determining eligibility for various tax perks.

MAGI calculation starts with your gross income—the whole enchilada of your earnings before any deductions are applied. From there, you adjust this number down to get your AGI by subtracting allowable deductions such as contributions to traditional IRAs or student loan interest payments. To calculate MAGI, you then add certain items back into your AGI—think non-taxable Social Security benefits or the foreign earned income exclusion.

The importance of knowing how to calculate MAGI cannot be overstated because it affects so many aspects of financial life from taxes owed on regular earned income all the way through specific savings available via health insurance subsidies.

Components That Influence Your MAGI

Diving deeper into what tweaks our AGIs into their more sophisticated cousin—MAGIs—it becomes clear that several types of non-taxable incomes are typically involved in this transformation process. These include some portions of social security benefits that aren’t subject to federal taxes and IRA contributions which have been deducted during the initial calculation for an individual’s AGI but need reintroduction when assessing eligibility criteria for other financial considerations like student loans or retirement plans.

Beyond those two examples lies a laundry list including educator expenses self-employment taxes among others all serving unique roles within each taxpayer’s overall fiscal landscape thus affecting their obligations toward government coffers at year-end alongside potential qualification thresholds regarding varied forms assistance programs whether related directly towards education costs healthcare coverage options etcetera highlighting why precise computation matters greatly here too beyond mere curiosity sake alone.

Calculating Your Modified Adjusted Gross Income

If talking about IRS forms gets you excited (and let’s face it who doesn’t feel thrilled discussing Form W-4s over dinner?), then learning which documents help determine one’s own personal slice heaven known “Modified” territory will likely spark joy deep within soul indeed. The key takeaway should always remain: everyone has different financial situations hence requiring navigation across multiple guidelines provided Internal Revenue Service themselves thereby making essential understand basics behind procedure even if outsourcing actual task someone else altogether either due lack confidence knowledge time constraints whatever case may be simply because mastering the ins and outs of tax documentation can seem daunting. But, getting a handle on these essentials is crucial for making informed decisions that best suit your individual circumstances.

How are you taxed by umbrella companiesHow are you taxed by umbrella companies

Umbrella companies can make it more easy to handle your tax for a number of your contracts. When you use an umbrella company,you’re compensated via the PAYE system,like employees are. But how does this work,and how do the companies tax you? Here’s an explanation of how you are taxed by umbrella companies and what that means for you.

Tax Through PAYE

PAYE stands for pay as you earn,if you are not already aware. So once you use an umbrella company,you pay your tax as you earn instead of paying your tax in a lump sum following the tax season is finished. Throughout the system,you may pay your income tax and National Insurance contributions,assuming that you are earning enough. You will have a tax code that indicates to HMRC how much tax you should be paying. The thresholds for paying your taxes and thetax bands can change each year,so it’s always important to stay current.

Currently (2018),you’ll pay National Insurance contributions at 12% on earnings above #162 a week and 2 percent above #892 a week. The personal allowance for income tax is #11,850 with 20% paid on everything after up to #34,500,and 40 percent from #34,500 to #150,000.

Umbrella Company Expenses

Another aspect to consider is that you can claim some expenses. Chargeable expenses are those reimbursed recruitment agency or by your client. Other costs are non-chargeable,and the umbrella company will handle them when calculating your pay. Allowable expenses will be deducted from your income so thatyou don’t have to pay tax on them. If your contract with your client is deemed to be under the Supervision,Management and Control of your client,you can’t claim travel and subsistence expenses.

Calculating Your Pay

Your pay will be calculated once you have submitted timesheets into the umbrella company and recruitment agency or end client. As well as your taxes,the umbrella company will even minus your fee to the company and any other deductions,such as pension contributions and holiday pay.

Payslips

Your umbrella company should send you a payslip,which details any deductions,such as taxes. At the end of the tax season,they should also give you a P60 for your records too.

What About Umbrella Companies That Pay?

Some umbrella companies will tell you that you can keep the majority of your pay (up to 95 percent) and stillbe tax-compliant. Official advice from HMRC claims that this is a warning sign for non-compliant businesses. You should also look out for only a portion of your income going being compensated using a loan,credit or investment that the company says isn’t subject to tax,and your obligations being routed through other businesses. These could all be signs that the company isn’t paying your taxes so it’s important to watch out for them.

Umbrella businesses deal with your tax for you so thatyou don’t need to. You might pay a little more tax,but you get the benefits of becoming an employee.

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